But not a “survival-threatening situation"
By Takuya Nishimura, APP Senior Fellow, Former Editorial Writer for The Hokkaido Shimbun.
June 30, 2025. Special to Asia Policy Point
The military conflict between Israel and Iran, in which the United States became directly involved, has been a real source of anxiety for Japan. Not only did Japan worry about the impact on its economy if Iran moved to block the Strait of Hormuz, but it also had to keep its distance from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The conflict, which the U.S. President Donald Trump has called the 12-day war, reminded Japan about the cost of its alliance with the U.S.
Israel launched military attacks on nuclear sites in Iran on June 13 and killed Iranian military leaders. Iran immediately struck back on cities in Israel, including Tel Aviv, causing some deaths. After days of deliberation, Trump launched a military operation on June 21, bombing three nuclear facilities in Iran with a weapon called the “bunker buster.” On June 24, Trump announced a ceasefire between Israel and Iran, but it has been an uneasy time for both countries.
The Ishiba administration criticized Israel for its attack on Iran early in June. “The use of military means amid the ongoing diplomatic efforts, including U.S.-Iran talks aimed at the peaceful resolution of the Iran’s nuclear issue, is completely unacceptable and deeply regrettable,” said the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Takeshi Iwaya, in a statement on June 13.
Japan changed its view, however, after the U.S. bombing of Iran’s nuclear facilities. “Amidst the extremely difficult circumstances surrounding Iran’s nuclear issue, the United States has been seriously pursuing dialogue, and Japan understands that the U.S. action demonstrates its determination to de-escalate the situation while preventing Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons,” said Iwaya in another statement on June 23.
While Japan regards Israel’s attacks on Iran as a violation of international law, it nevertheless “understood” the U.S. attacks that supported Israel. Anticipating a push-back from within Japan about a double standard of diplomacy, Ishiba said in a press conference that “it is difficult for us to make a fixed assessment in terms of international law.”
Ishiba meanwhile stressed that Japan depended on the Middle East for over 90 percent of its oil imports. According to data from the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy in 2021, 86.7 percent of Japan’s energy came from fossil fuels, of which 37.7 percent was oil. Middle Eastern crude oil accounted for 92.5 percent of oil supplies in Japan for that year. Oil from the Middle East thus is essential for Japan.
The most serious concern in Japan was the possibility that Iran would block the Strait of Hormuz, through which most Middle East oil tankers pass. When former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe reinterpreted Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan in 2015, his administration said that a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz would constitute a ” triggering Japan’s collective self-defense right.
If Iran were to block the strait, if the U.S. were to ask Japan to send minesweepers, and if Japan were to do so, Iran could claim that Japan had entered the war. In a discussion on June 23 of this risk, the Chief of the Policy Research Council of the Liberal Democratic Party (and formerly the Minister of Defense in the Abe Cabinet), Itsunori Onodera, concluded that the situation in the strait did not yet threaten Japan’s survival for the purpose of Article 9.
Also on June 23, the Israel-Iran conflict caused a rise in gasoline prices in Japan for the first time in nine weeks. The opposition parties showed unusual unity in pushing for gasoline tax reductions at the last moment of the ordinary session of the Diet. If the prices remain high in the coming weeks, it may have a negative political impact on the Ishiba administration, with the Upper House election scheduled for late July.
Recognizing the possibility that the conflict could affect Japan’s security, Ishiba was reluctant to become involved in the politics among the Western powers. He cancelled the leaders’ meeting of NATO in the Hague, Netherlands, as other Asian partners from South Korea, Australia, New Zealand also withdrew. Although NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte praised Trump’s decision to strike Iran, Japan was not ready to stand together with the U.S. President who had been demanding that Japan significantly increase its defense budget.
Trump unexpectedly drew a parallel between the U.S. strikes on Iran and the atomic bombing of Japan in August 1945. “I don’t want to use an example of Hiroshima, I don’t want to use an example of Nagasaki, but that was essentially the same thing. That ended that war,” said Trump at his meeting with Rutte.
The Chief Representative of Komeito, Tetsuo Saito, decried Trump’s remarks. “I do not approve of his statement, which would justify dropping atomic bombs. Our stance on nuclear weapons is that it is an absolute evil,” Saito told Ishiba. Ishiba said that he felt the same way. Developments in the Middle East have only underscored Ishiba’s political weakness. Ishiba has been unable to gain any political advantage from Trump’s agenda for peace through strength.